With the strict requirements of food safety, the demand of cold chain logistics transportation industry for refrigerated vehicles is gradually increasing. If refrigerated vehicle manufacturers want to win the favor of major cold chain logistics enterprises, they should not only make the price appropriate, but also ensure the refrigeration effect of refrigerated vehicles, reduce energy consumption and improve the service life of vehicles.

To achieve these, in addition to the need for high-quality refrigeration units, but also need to improve the overall insulation performance of the car. How to improve the thermal insulation performance of refrigerated compartment? In this paper, the material, internal structure and sealing performance of refrigerator car will be studied. Currently, the insulation materials commonly used in China are three kinds of polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam and extruded polystyrene foam.

Polyurethane foam is the most widely used insulating material. Because of its low thermal conductivity, good heat insulation performance and high strength, this material is welcomed by domestic well-known refrigerated vehicle enterprises. High quality polyurethane foam density and bubble diameter are very small. Moreover, polyurethane materials are also suitable for a variety of plate making processes, such as injection foaming, bonding, spraying and so on.

Polystyrene foam is a kind of thermal insulation material with polystyrene resin as raw material. The foam is loose, heat-insulating, water absorbing, low temperature resistant and easy to cut, but it can only be used to make refrigerated vehicle thermal insulation layer. In developed countries such as Europe and America, this kind of material is basically abandoned. In order to save cost, this material is still used in China. Compared with polyurethane, the thickness of polystyrene should be increased by at least 20% to achieve the same insulation effect. With the increase of the thickness, the servicing mass of the refrigerator truck increases, the loading mass decreases and the energy consumption increases. Extruded polystyrene foam is a thermal insulation material extruded by polystyrene resin and its corresponding additives. This kind of insulation material is similar to honeycomb structure, with uniform thickness and no voids and fracture voids. Extruded polyethylene has the advantages of high compressive strength, low thermal conductivity and water absorption, and long service life.

In addition, recently developed a new insulation material - vacuum insulation board, this board insulation effect is better, and the installation process is more environmental protection and energy saving. At present, the production technology of this material has been quite mature abroad. The ventilation slot design improves the circulation speed. In most impressions, the interior of the refrigerated compartment is smooth and flat. In fact, the internal surface structure of the middle and high-end refrigerated car body is not only uneven, but also quite complex.

The operation principle of "six side ventilation" is that the cold air generated by the refrigeration unit blows to the back door, goes down to the floor through the groove on the back door panel, and then returns to the front wall from the groove on the floor, and goes up to the air return outlet between the ribs on the front wall. The groove on the side wall plays the role of auxiliary ventilation“ The design of refrigerated compartment with "six side ventilation" can increase the ventilation area by 30%, realize rapid circulation ventilation, reduce the temperature in the compartment rapidly, and achieve energy saving effectively without dead angle of temperature difference. Moreover, the loading space in the compartment is 9.8% higher than that of the "patch" type air duct, and the cleaning is more convenient.

To improve the sealing performance and save energy is also an important standard to evaluate the quality of a refrigerator car. In general, the refrigerator car with air curtain has better heat preservation effect and more energy saving than the refrigerator car without air curtain and plastic door curtain. Especially when the external temperature is higher than 40 ℃, the effect of the air curtain machine is fully reflected. At present, the plastic curtain is widely used in China.

In addition, the splicing process of the car body also has a great relationship with the sealing performance. Now most manufacturers use the rivet splicing process, this process splicing firm, but also easy to cause poor sealing, the phenomenon of running cold air. With the increasing demand of customers, refrigerated vehicle enterprises should not stay in the stage of price competition. Customers will pay more and more attention to the quality of refrigerated vehicles. Whether to use new energy-saving materials, adopt reasonable internal structure design and improve the sealing performance of the car body will be the choice that most refrigerated car enterprises will face.

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